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ELEMENTS 






APPLIED TO THE 



HUMAN CHARACTER, 



SHOWING THE 



TALENTS AND DISPOSITION. 



BY J. G. FORMAN, L. B. 



* 5 CINCINNATI: 

PRINTED BY WM. L. MKNDEXHALI. 

1844. 



-< u 



n 



.F 



O > V i L..- 



10 i 9 inrM 




CLASSIFICATION OF THE ORGANS. 



Domestic Propensities. 
fl. Amativeness. 

2. Philoprogenitivencss. 

3. Adhesiveness. 

4. Inhabitiveness. 

5. Concentrativcness. 

SELFisn Propensities. 

6. Combativeness. 

7. Destructiveness. 

8. Alimentiveness. 

9. Acquisitiveness. 
30. Socretiveness. 



Semi Intellectual Faculties. 

20. Constructiveness. 

21. Ideality. 
B. Sublimity. 

22. Imitation. 

23. Mirthfulness. 

Intellectual Poweks. 

perceptive or knowing FACULTIES 

24. Individuality. 

25. Form. 

26. Size. 

27. Weight. 



Elevating Sentiments. 


28. 


Color. 


11. 


Cautiousness. 


29. 


Order. 


12. 


Approbativeness. 


30. 


Number. 


13. 


Self-esteem. 


31. 


Locality. 


14. 


Firmness. 


32. 


Eventuality 






33. 


Time. 




Moral Sent? mi a i 


31. 


Tune. 


ir>. 


Conscientiousness. 


35. 


Language. 


16. 


Hope. 






17. 


Marvellousness 


Reflective Fa< ulties 


19. 


Veneration. 


36, 


Causality. 


l'» 


Benevolence. 


37. 


Comparison. 






ELEMENTS OF PHRENOLOGY 



Phrenology is a system of mental philosophy, founded 
upon the organization of the brain, and established by 
observation and induction. It explains the functions of thai 
delicate organ in the same maimer that Physiology discloses 
t<> us tlii- functions and uses of the various organs contained 
m the thorax and abdomen, and those- that are employed in 
locomotion. It may, therefore, be properly teemed, not 

only, a science of mind, but the true physiology of the brain. 

Its founders, Gall and Spurzheim, devoted their lives to 
its discovery ami perfection, and pursued a mode of investi- 
gation that is infallible. They w<iv intimately acquainted 
with the anatomy of the brain, and commenced their obser- 
vations upon the living head. Whenever they found a per- 
son remarkable for any particular quality of mind, they 
examined closely the form of the cranium, and soon disco- 
vered that certain conformations of brain uniformly accom- 
panied particular traits of character. Painters, poets, 
sculptors, and musicians were always found to have a form 
of bead peculiar to each; and the same observation applied 
to philosophers, astronomers, and men in all the different 
walks of life. 

The field of observation was not confined alone to the 
human character, but extended to the animal kingdom. After 
having visited the various prisons and hospitals of Europe, 
and attended the courts of Princes, making observations 
upon all grades of character, from the prince to the pea- 
sant, and from the philosopher to the idiot, they turned 
their attention to the study of animals. Here they found 
many proofs in support of their previous discoveries. Dif- 
ferent ra<-«'s i^{ animals exhibited" a structure of brain in 
harmony with their nature, and all possessed feelings and 



propensities common to man. The brain of the fox show- 
ed a large development of that part corresponding to the 
organ of cunning or secrctiveness in the human head. The 
tiger, leopard and cat, possessed a similar form of brain, 
-with more destructiveness. The lion, tiger, wolf, hyena, 
and all the race of ferocious animals, were broad at the base 
of the braii], the seat of combativeness and destructive- 
ness ; while the hare, rabbit, sheep, and all those animals 
known as timid and harmless, showed a narrow head in this 
region. 

According to phrenological observation, the forehead, or 
anterior lobe of the brain, is considered the seat of the 
intellectual faculties, but the lower animals were found 
comparatively deficient in this region. From the reptiles, 
through all the different grades of animals up to man, there 
appeared a successive development of brain, till in the mon- 
key, it approaches that form found in the human head; 
and here is thought to be the connecting link between the 
animal and the human species. 

Gall and Spurzheim did not rest here, but engaged ex- 
tensively in dissections of the human brain. They discov- 
ered the functions of many of the nerves, and originated a 
mode of dissecting this organ that is continued in the medi- 
cal schools to this day. They found the brains of idiots 
mal-formed, and deficient in that firmness of texture met 
with in a healthy brain ; and if we examine the works of 
these two distinguished philosophers, we shall find that 
phrenology rests upon a greater mass of facts for its sup- 
port, than any other science that has stood the test of in- 
vestigation. 

Thus have all the phrenological organs been disco\ereu 
and located ; and from this collection of materials, phreno- 
logy has been reduced to a science of mind in which we 
rrieet with a perfect analysis mu\ classification of all the 
mental powers. Growing out of the system arc two fun- 
damental principles. 

First. The brain is the ofgan of the timid. 



SecoHd. Each distinct and primary power of the mind 
has its own appropriate organ in the brain, or in other 
words, the brain consists of a plurality of organs. 

The first proposition is never disputed: as all admit that 
the brain is the scat of all our feelings, sentiments-, and in- 
tellectual powers. The second is nor s<> generally admitted; 
and as with this, phrenology either stands or falls.it may 
he well to consider, briefly, a few of the facts upon which it 
s for support. The same individuals often possess some 
faculties in a hiirli degree and arc deficient in others. ( I 
this kind are all men of partial genius. I me man excels as 
a mechanic, but fails as a peel <>r an orator; another ex- 
cels in music, hut never can learn to be skilful with tools. 
One is a deep thinker but has a poor memory; and another 
remembers one clai CtS well and i' v thing 

else. One man is naturally mild, amiable and is in 

his feeling ther is \ Ifisfa and depraved. — 

These facts ail prove that the different feelings and senti- 
ments depend ondifferenl | ling 
as one is developed more than anoth< the character 
various. 

Another class of facts that prov< :.<• principle, is 

familiar to every one. Partial insanity and partial idiocy. 
Men become insane on one subject and remain rational on 
every other. Insanity results from a diseased brain, and 
when the religions organs become deranged from religious 
excitement, the man is insane on that subject. If a man is 
disappointed in his affections, the portion of brain appropri- 
ated to those organs may become inflamed, and then wo 
have insanity upon that subject. £ en have been 

known to imagine themselves kings, and require the sub- 
mission of others to their authority; others have supposed 
themselves (rod, or Jesus Christ. This would result from 
diseased self-esteem and veneration. If the brain were a 
unit or single organ, as anti-phrenologists contend, the per- 
son should he cither wholly insane, or of a sound mind. 
\ rase was latch mentioned to me bv Mr. William TV 



Gallager, a merchant of Cincinnati, of a partial idiot that 
liw knew in Kensington. Philadelphia. His name was 
Thomas Teese. He was entirely wanting in the reflective 
organs, and had no intelligence whatever — could call one or 
two names indistinctly, but could not talk. He was entirely 
incapable of taking care of himself, and a complete idiot, 
except in one thing. He had the organ of music, and could 
sing any tune he heard — not in words, but merely the tune. 
Sometimes he became violent, and could be soothed im- 
mediately by music. On one occasion he heard a gentle 
man sing, and when the person went away, sang the turn; 
correctly. Several years afterw r ards that gentleman return- 
ed, and when he came in the door the idiot commenced 
singing the same tune, and sang it through correctly. The 
limits of this work will not admit of a further detail of the 
many facts that have been collected, of this description. 

The brain completely fills the cavity of the skull, and the 
external form of the head is a true index of its form and 
shape. This language may be met with in many works on 
physiology, so that by examining the form of the head we 
can ascertain the size of the different organs. It is not 
true, as stated by some anti-phrenologists, that it is impossi- 
ble to ascertain from the form of the head, the size and form 
of the brain. The thickness of the skull can be estimated 
from the other bones of the body, and the fineness of the 
temperament; and it, never varies so much as to present any 
difficulty. Its average thickness is about three-eighths of 
an inch; and sometimes one pcrsoivs head is two inches 
higher, or broader, or longer than another's. Wherever 
the skull varies much in thickness, it is the result of dis- 
ease; and the skulls collected together by Dr. Sewall and 
others, and offered as objections to phrenology, were of 
this description. We do not judge of the character from 
particular elevations and d< , called "bumps," as w 

generally supposed, so much as from the general shape and 
configuration of the head, as well as from the temperament 
and size of ihe vital and muscular sysl 



Neith 



ler is tlit- character estimated bv the separate 01 



garif 



but IV 



on) \arious 



ibinat 



ions, IIK.H 



lifying 



giv 



a particular direction to the mind and feelings. Thus, de 
structiveness is the propensity to destroy, but combined with 
the moral organs, it gives a proper degree of severity to the 
character, and punishes the wrong-doer. Conscientiousness 
and intellect frame laws, and destmctiveness adds the pen 
ally. Death and destruction enter into the very con stitu 
tion of things, and this faculty brings us in harmony with 
that law of our being. Combined, however, with the other 
animal organs, and a deficiency of the moral region, it leads 
to cruelty, murder, and crime. Acquisitiveness is the dis- 
position to acquire; but one faculty must not outrage another, 
and therefore, if conscientiousness be lame, the person 
will acquire honestly, and both faculties will be gratified; 
but if conscientiousness he deficient, the person may then be 
tempted to steal, unless restrained by self-esteem and ap- 
probativeness, or some other governing organ. ( lombative 
ness is the propensity to attack or defend; and combined 
with the moral sentiments gives moral courage and fbro 
character. If unrestrained by the higher feelings, it leads 
to quarreling and strife. Veneration is the tendency to 
adore; and when enlightened by intellect, leads to the wor- 
ship of the one living and true God. If allowed to act 
blindly, it displays itself in superstition and fanaticism, and 
yields submission to the dignitaries of the Church and the 
authority of men in high places. 

These observations arc sufficient to show that we do nol 
estimate character by any one organ taken separately. The 
physical constitution, embracing the temperaments — the 
size and form of the brain, and the combination of its van 
ous organs, arc all important considerations in judging of 
character. No one, certainly, will dispute, that a well 
formed and healthy organization of brain is more favora- 
ble to the manifestation of high mental qualities than one 
diseased or imperfectly organized. The quality of the 
brain is quite as important an element in the mental consti- 



s 

lution as size, and this condition is ascertained by a know- 
ledge of the temperaments. If the textures and fibres of 
the body are finely organized, indicating a nervous temper- 
ament, the quality of the brain is of the same description; 
and with a smaller head, such an individual will evince 
more mind and more intelligence than another, with a larger 
brain of a coarser organization. If the fibres and muscles 
of the body arc soft and coarsely organized, the brain is of 
the same description, and however large, the manifesta- 
tions of mind will be dull and inactive. But, where size 
and a fine quality of brain are both united, then we have 
mental power as well as talent and sprightliness. Men of 
small but active brains, are generally smart men, as they are 
called, and often men of learning and talent — though gene- 
rally better adapted to business pursuits and a moderate 
sphere of life, in which they will often shine more brilli- 
antly than men of superior minds. 

Others, having large brains, are frequently dull, heavy 
men, because they are deficient in activity or some other 
necessary condition. It is only where these are all united 
that we find men of the highest order of minds. Webster, 
Clay, Calhoun, and many others, might be given as exam- 
ples of this class. To such it belongs to mould public 
opinion, and sway the destinies of the Republic. They are 
of 

• l The few, the immortal names. 

That were not born to die." 

A knowledge of phrenology, then, embraces more than a 
mere examination of the head. It requires an intimate ac- 
quaintance with those physiological conditions of the body, 
that modify the quality, health, and activity of the brain. 
These conditions are ascertained by an examination of cer- 
tain classes of the bodily organs, and this arrangement has 
given rise to the division of the temperaments. 



EXPLANATION. 

Here begins the application of this subject to the exami- 
nation of the head and temperament; and for the purpose 
of indicating the different degrees of development, the fol- 
lowing scale of figures will be used, and when placed oppo- 
site an organ, by the pen, will indicate its comparative size 
with the other organs in the same head : 

1. Very SMALL, or almost entirely absent, 

I. Small, at inactive. 

.'■>. Moderate, hiif capable of cultivation. 

4. Average, possessing but little strength, but frequent- 

ly ac 

5. FuLLj B reasons *ee of strength and 

activity. 

0. Large, exercising a controlling influence on the 
character. 

7. Very large, having a marked and powerful influence, 
and great liability to ab 

These different degrees will be placed oppositesuch com- 
binations of organs and temperaments as arc found in the 
person's brad. When individuals compare charts together 
they should not be surprised to find many of the organs 
marked, by the phrenologist, of the same size, although 
they may be entirely different in their general characters. 
A slight difference in a few organs, or a difference of tem- 
perament, frequently changes all the combinations; and it is 
from these combinations that the character is formed, modi- 
fied too by different circumstances. .Moreover, the great 
mass of mankind, are much alike, having the same elements 
of character, yet frequently differing in some material point 
that gives an entirely different direction to the mind. Per- 
sons should not, therefore, simply compare the numbers on 
their charts, and because many are alike, infer that their 
phrenological characters are the same. To neglect consid' 
ering the combinations, and the effect a difference in a few 
Organs might have upon the character, shows a weakness 



10 

of mind thai they should be ashamed of, instead of makini 

it an objection to phrenology. 



THE TEMPEKAMENTS. 

Upon that division in physiology, which embraces the se- 
creting glands, the viscera, and the fleshy parts of the system, 
is based the 

Lymphatic Temperament : — The external indications of 
this temperament are easily recognized. The muscles are 
soft, and the person inclined to corpulency and an abun- 
dance of. flesh. The complexion is of a pale inanimate 
color, and the eyes of a sleepy expression. They are what 
Shakspeare calls 

! " fat, 

Sleek headed men, and such as sleep o' nights."" 

It gives an ease-seeking disposition, and an aversion to 
bodily or mental effort. Indolence and a good natured, hap 
py disposition flow from this temperament. Such persons 
take the world at their ease, and pass down the current of 
life smoothly. When blended with the sanguine and ner- 
vous, the complexion is more florid, and the person more 
devoted to his pursuits; but has his intervals of indolence. 
and enjoys some situation well, that does not require hard 
labor. Landlords, Bankers, and Aldermen, frequently have 
this combination of temperaments. 

The Sanguine Temperament : — This temperament is 
based on that class of organs contained in the thorax, em- 
bracing the vital functions. It includes the arterial portions 
of the system, and gives a florid complexion, and rudd) 
glow of countenance. The shoulders are broad, and the 
chest large and expanded. This is the active busin 
temperament, and imparls a love of physical exercise and 
enjoyment. 

Blended with the nervous, u constitutes the perfection of 



11 

female beauty. The well defined form and rounded limbs— 
the swelling bust— the sparkling eye, and auburn hair, fall- 
ing in rich profusion upon the neck and temples, all belong 
to this temperament. 

Those in whom it predominates, arc of a restless, impa- 
tient disposition, and arc better adapted to the active pur- 
suits of life than the study of books. If the intellectual 
faculties ar<> large, they arc men of general informa- 
tion rather than l»<.ck learning; and learn much from obser- 
vation and experience. Where the intellectual powers are 
<»uly average, they Bhould pursue some of the common and 
useful duties of life, and qoI aspire to be statesmen nor 
philosophers. 

'Pur. Bilious T ment: — The bones and muscles 

form the basis ^( this temperament! It constitutes the 
frame work of the system, and is to the human body what 
the timbers arc to the house, giving strength and endu- 
rance. Its predominance is easily recognized by the size 
of the hours and muscles, and a strongly marked out- 
line of person. The complexion is generally dark, and 

the hair coarse and black. The muscles arc hard, and 

the person capable of trance. The effecl which 

this temperament has on the mind and character, depends 
on its combination with the sanguine or nervous, ami will 
l)c explained in those combinations. 

The Nervocs Tbmfehament: — This constitutes the men- 
tal organization, and is hascd on the brain and nervous 
system. Its predominance is indicated by a light, pale, 
complexion, and a delicate constitution. The bones arc 
small, and the person of a thin, spare form — often tall and 
slender, with rather a large brain, and the organs all 
sharp and pointed. The features are sharp, and all the 
fibres of the body fine and delicate: the hair fine, and fre- 
quently auburn, with an intellectual expression of coun- 
tenance, and a clear blue, or hazel eye. This is the 
temperament of feeling and sentiment, and imparts fine 
sensibilities, and a groat SUSCeptibilit) to pain and pleasure. 



12 

Those in whom it predominates suffer and enjoy intensely, 
and are apt to have a rough voyage through life, and see 
many of its changes and vicissitudes. If the head be 
smooth, and evenly developed, the person will be of an even, 
uniform character and disposition, and will not be likely to 
experience these reverses of feeling and fortune; but this 
form of head is seldom found in one of a highly nervous 
temperament. It is generally accompanied by a large de- 
velopment of the organs in the upper and lateral portions 
of the head^ideality, the moral sentiments and intellect, 
and gives a flow of pure and virtuous feeling. This is the 
temperament of genius, and with the appropriate organs 
gives a talent for poetry, painting, polite literature, and the 
fine arts. It imparts a great amount of refinement and del- 
icacy of feeling, and a fondness for reading and intellectual 
enjoyment — sometimes of a light and trifling description, 
or the more substantial subjects of thought and reflection, 
according to the ascendancy of particular organs. This 
was the temperament of Henry Kirk White, the Misses 
Davidson, and of every other precocious genius. 

Sanguine Nervous: — This combination of temperaments 
is frequently met with in musicians, poets and orators. It 
gives a great flow of feeling and sympathy, with more 
passion than the nervous. Its manifestations are various, 
according to the organization of the brain. Sometimes it 
is met with in business men, with a large development of 
those organs that make them understand their own interests 
well. Others, with this combination, are fond of exciting 
pleasures, and have the appetites and passions in a high 
state of activity; some are sentimental and fond of love 
tales, novels and light reading; and again it is found in men 
of learning, wisdom and ability. 

Sanguine Bilious: — This combination of temperaments 
gives physical power. It is more frequently met with in la- 
boring men than elsewhere; and one having it predominant 
with but little of the nervous, had better follow the plough 
than attempt to tread the paths of literature and science 



Willi a large brain, the person will have strength of mind, 
but lack those fine sensibilities, and that refinement which 
is necessary 10 literary taste and talent. Men of this tem- 
perament make good soldiers, laborers, stage drivers, heat- 
men, mechanics, tanners, and constitute a large portion of 
our substantial citizens. It is the hard working tempera- 
ment, and is unfavorable to dose application and attention 
to books. If the animal organs greatly preponderate, the 
associations are low and vulgar, and the person apt to form 
habits of a vicious and degrading character. With a large 
development of the moral and intellectual organs, the indi- 
vidual will sustain a good character for morality, judgment) 

and industry; but will lack those fine feelings and senti- 
ments that llow from the nervous temperament 
Nervous Bilious: — This combination is found in men 

Of the highest order of minds. It imparts the highest de- 
gree of physical and mental energy, and with a large and 

well organized brain, gives its possessor a I'nvci- and mental 

power that drives every thing before him. Such men have 

" A Kan and hungry look." 

Their features arc prominent, and the brain and muscles 
densely organized. They can endure any amount of 
hardship, and the greater the occasion the higher their en- 
ergies. They do not belong to the genteel, exquisite class 
of fashionable men; but they take hold of their projects 
with energy, and drive forward in spite of obstacles. They 
seldom stand about trifles, but engage in great and arduous 
enterprises. Such an one, cast upon the world alone, with- 
out advantages or assistance, will rise above every obstacle 
and every difficulty, till success has crowned his efforts, and 
he has reached the highest attainments. This is the tem- 
perament of John C. Calhoun, Daniel Webster, Lord 
Brougham, and many others remarkable for the qualities 
here described. It is not always indicated by a large 
stature, but more by the density and compactness of the 
brain and muscles. Aaron Burr, Alexander Hamilton, and 
John Quincy Adams, belong to this class. 



14 

I f the brain is of moderate dimensions, and not well bal- 
anced, as is frequently the case, these high qualities of mind 
and body are lost; and we have a person of less mental 
capacity, but with a strong, enduring constitution. 

Bilious Sanguine and Nervous: — When these are all 
combined it imparts a healthy, vigorous constitution, and 
renders one almost proof against disease. The person may 
be intellectual or otherwise, according to the direction given 
to his faculties by circumstances. If the brain is large and 
well balanced, he will possess the high mental endowments 
ascribed to the Nervous Bilious: if only average or mode- 
rate, he will be adapted to some moderate sphere of busi- 
ness, and should be careful how he embarks in too great an 
enterprise. This combination of temperaments gives manly 
beauty, and qualifies one for a large class of enjoyments. 
The form is well defined, the outline rounded and full; and 
the body moves with an ease and grace that captivates all 
observers. 

Size of the Brain : — The size of the brain, other con- 
ditions being equal, is a measure of power. 

Combination 1. With a fine temperament and a well 
balanced head, the person will possess a mind of the high- 
est order, and attain eminence in any pursuit to which his 
talents are directed. A large brain with these conditions will 
give him momentum and power, and adapt him to great and 
important enterprises. Such an individual will exercise a 
controlling influence in a community, and attain the highest 
offices in the gift of the people. Military and naval com- 
manders, statesmen and jurists, always have this combina- 
tion. 

Combination 2. A large brain with a sanguine tempera- 
ment, or a combination of organs adapted to business, will 
enable one to conduct a large enterprise, and become emi- 
nenl as a business man, ;i speculator, or an agriculturalist; 
but he will not excel in ilu.se qualities described under the first 
combination. .l<>im Jacob Astor and Stephen Girard, belong 
to this cla 



15 

Combination 3. A large brain, with small perceptive or- 
gans, and an inactive temperament, will render one slow, 
and dull of perception — incapable of shining in any sphere, 
ami bettor adapted to some of the common and every day 
duties of life, ll" the perceptive organs are large, the per- 
son may see more n adily what is passing and what should 
be done; but without an active, well organized temperament 
should not venture oul of a plain and industrious sphere of 
life. 

Combination 4. Ac a. . I brain, with a 

tine temperament and a well balanced head, will impart 
sprightliness and activity of mind, with line talents for bu- 
siness, and frequently a readiness in the acquisition of 
knowledge that surpasses those of superior minds. This 
combination is often met with in men of business talent, 
literary men, and others; and with a good intellect, self- 
esteem, and unmarked deficiency in other n . the) 
frequently make a great display, and for aw bile, acquire the 
reputation of great men; but they do not belong to that 
class of great minds who become the authors and founders 
of new systems in science and philosophy, and leave their 
marks upon the world. 

Combination 5. One of an average or moderate sized 
brain, and an inactive temperament will be but a slight 

remove above idiocy; and even with a front head fairly 
developed, will display weakness and imbecility of mind. 



CLASSIFICATION OF THE ORGANS. 

Domestic Propensities: — These arc located together in 
a group, in the posterior lobe of the brain, or back part of 
the head. They give rise to those social feelings, which 
make us delight in the society of friends, and bind mankind 
together in families, societies, and nations'. 

Combination 1. An individual with these organs large, 



10 

and u line temperament, with large ideality, moral selitf- 
incuts, and intellect, will form his social and domestic rela-< 
tions among the virtuous and intelligent. His affections 
will be refined and elevated; and if self-esteem and appro- 
bativeness are large, he will be too proud to mingle with 
the lower classes of society. 

Combination 2. One with these organs large, and less of 
the nervous temperament and ideality, will be less particu- 
lar in his associations; and with the passions and feelings 
strong, will be swayed by the society he keeps. If the 
moral sentiments and intellect are large, and self-esteem 
only full or average, he will be less aristocratic in his social 
feelings, and enjoy himself with the virtuous and good 
among all classes of men. He will appreciate and love the 
society of the intellectual, but will not despise the poor and 
ignorant. 

Combination 3. Where these organs are only average 
or full, there will be less warmth of feeling, and more in- 
difference to social enjoyment. If the selfish and business 
organs are large, the domestic relations will be subordi- 
nate to them, and business will claim more attention than 
family or friends. 

Combination 4. A moderate development of these feel- 
ings renders one cold, unsocial, and indifferent to the plea- 
sures of society or domestic life. 

1. Amativexess: — The sentiment and feeling of love 
proceed from this organ. It is the basis of matrimonial 
life, and gives rise to the amorous desires and passions. 

Combination 1 . Intellect, moral sentiment, and ideality, 
give a direction to this organ that renders it one of the 
most sacred and holy feelings of our nature. Such a com- 
bination prompts to all those little attentions, and acts of 
kindness, that endear the sexes to each other. It gives to 
love all its romance and poetry, and throws around the dear 
one, a charm, that is ever before us. It is an important ele- 
ment in giving courage and manliness to the character, and 
stimulates to high and noble deeds. The feeling and Benti- 



17 

ment are beautifully portrayed in the following Hues, 
written by B. Halleck. 

u To love, and to be lov'd again: to feel 

That one heart heats responsive to our own: 
To cherish joys thai words can ne'er reveal, 
Gentle and lovely, as the dying tone 

Of far ofl* music. To no itrongly forth 
On life's rough journey, girt with woman's love, 

And woman's truth, jewels of priceless worth, 
That sorrows dim not, trials can hut prove; 

To stand with her beside the shrines were lie 

Our household gods; to feel her true hand press 

Our own in silence, while within h< I 

Glistens the t< u of tench r 
To listen to the voice, whose every tone, 

Tells us that we on earth are. not alom ." 

Combination 2. When this organ is large, and the (em 
perament sanguine, with not so great a predominance of 
the moral and intellectual powers, there is more of tin- 
nninial passion, and a greater tendency t<> indulge in abu 
and immoral gratifications of this feeling. The person will 
find it difficult to resist temptation, and be in danger of 
going astray from the path of virtue. With moderate con- 
scientiousness] and concentrativeness. and large self-esteem 
and approbativenesSj this combination leads to coquetry and 
inconstancy. 

Combination 3. If the base of the brain l>c large, with a 
coarse temperament, and a deficient moral region, it leads 
to obscene allusions, and indulgences that could not be de- 
scribed in a work of this description. 

Combination 4. When the organ is only average or lull. 
blended with ideality, moral sentiment and intellect, there 
will be more of the sentiment of love than the passion 
The person will express his attachment in a refined and 
delicate manner; and manifest a pure and virtuous feeling 
towards the other sex. If adhesiveness he large, his affec 
lion will be lasting and constant, and he will fulfil the mar 
riage relations with fidelity. This combination is m<>si 
frequently met with in (he female head. 
3 



18 

Combination 5. A moderate, or small development of 
this organ, with ideality moderate, renders one indifferent 
to the charms and beauties of the other sex. 

2. Philoprogenjtiveness : — The love of offspring is the 
natural function of this organ. It frequently gives a fond- 
ness for pets, animals, and every young and tender thing 
that receives our care and attention. 

Combination 1. When this organ is very large, and ad- 
hesiveness strong, with a mild and even temper, the person 
will have an excessive fondness for children, and pets, and 
be disposed to caress and fondle them — will bear much 
from them, and frequently indulge their wishes and caprices. 

Combination 2. If combativeness and ideality be large, 
with a large development of this organ, the person will be 
fond of children, and take much interest in those that are 
beautiful, sprightly, and well dressed — will make a fond 
parent; but will have no patience with those that are cross 
and ill-natured, and dislike spoiled and pampered children. 

Combination 3. An average or moderate development of 
this organ, with combativeness large, will lead to a general 
dislike of children. If a parent, the person may be fond of 
his own, from the relation of blood and kindred, but will 
have very little patience even with them, and take but little 
pleasure in their fondness and caresses. 

3. Adhesiveness : — The ties of friendship, and the bonds 
of social life are formed by this organ. It gives ardor and 
depth of feeling, and renders one willing to sacrifice much 
on the altar of friendship. Its natural language is to cling 
to the objects of our affections, and meet them with fond ca- 
resses. The feeling is beautifully presented in the follow- 
ing lines from Moore: 

"The heart like n tendril, accustomed to cling, 
I,, t '>. grow whore it will, cannol flourish alone, 

Hut will lean t<> the nearest am! loveliest thing, 
It can twine with itself, and make closely its' own." 

Combination 1. With ideality, moral sentiment and m 

■t. the person will 1m 1 choice in the selection oi' friends; 



19 

Mid with cautiousness and secretiveness, will make confi- 
dants of very few — will test them well first, but will lore 
them with deep and lasting affection. 

Combination 2. Where this organ is large, with small 
concentrativeness and no predominance of ideality and self- 
esteem, the person will be more general in his social at- 
tachments; and while in the society of his friends, exhibit 
the strongest marks of friendship; but when thrown into 
another sphere, though he may aol forget his old associations, 
will readily form others; ami with large approbativeness, 
beneTolence and mirthfulnesS, get along smoothly and plea- 
santly with all. 

Combination 3, A moderate development of this organ, 
with large selfish organs, renders one mid and indifferent 
to the ties of friendship; and if ho displays the apparent 
qualities of this feeling, it i^ from interested motives. Such 
persons are fond of using their friends, and so |ou<_r ;i< (heir 
interests are prompted by it, they seem to enjoy your soci- 
ety; but when you cease to benefit them, thej have no 
further need of your acquaintance. These are the false 
friends, who enjoy our friendship in prosperity, but forsake 
us in adversity. 

4. Inhabitivbnbss: — The lose of home and country, is 
the natural function of this organ. It is always large in 
that class of men who live and die in the same town and 
neighborhood, upon the same farm; while it is generally 
not so large in cities, where people do not live long enough 
in one place to become attached to a particular residence. 

Combination 1. With adhesiveness large the person will 
grieve much on leaving home and friends, and while away, 
think often of returning. If all the domestic organs are 
large, and the perceptive faculties only full, will enjoy his 
meals better at home than elsewhere, and his sleep will 
seem more refreshing under his own roof. To him there 
will be no place like home. 

Combination 2. With this organ large, and weak con- 
centrativeness, the person may love home dearly, and r«- 



•20 

member, with fondness, all its pleasant associations; but it' 
his disposition be enterprising, and his nature ambitious. 
flowing from hope and approbativeness, be may seek other 
places to attain the objects of that ambition. If he possess 
versatility of talent, and have no family ties to connect 
him with a particular region of country, he may even be- 
come a wanderer, and yet not forget the home of his child- 
hood, The author of this pamphlet is acquainted with a 
person of this description who has been a rambler from an 
early age, but recollects with peculiar fondness his early 
home. In all his wanderings he has indulged the hope of 
revisiting[his native land. The smooth and flowing river; the 
trees that adorn his childhood's home; the hills and verdant 
fields; and the running brook that murmured by, are all 
among the most pleasing objects of his remembrance. 

Combination 3. One with this organ average or mode- 
rate, will not be much influenced by this feeling — will be 
at home wherever his friends and business call him, and 
form no attachments to a place on its own account. If con- 
centrativeness be weak, and locality, hope, and approbative- 
ness strong, may become a traveller and adventurer — will 
stay but a short time in one place, and sacrifice every other 
consideration to see the world. 

5. Concentrativeness : — This organ gives continuity 
of thought and feeling, and keeps the attention fixed upon 
one thing till it is completely finished. When large it 
leads to great prolixity and tediousness in giving details, 
and dwells upon one subject till it becomes exhausted. 

Combination 1. With large intellectual organs it gives 
application to study, and is favorable to the mathematician 
and logician. It never leaves a point unfinished, and the 
mind cannot give its attention to more than one thing at 
once. It renders the feelings and impressions lasting, and 
with conscientiousness, gives constancy to the affections. 

Combination 2. An average development, with the per- 
ceptive organs large, is more favorable to business pursuits 
\t gives one a love of change and variety, and renders him 



attentive to all his various duties and interests ;it the same 
time With an active temperament, it renders one impa- 
tient and restless in his disposition. 

Combination 3. When the organ is small, there is a 
STetS tendency to do too many things at the same time, and 
to change rapidly from one object to another. The person 

becomes tired of one thing and seeks novelty and change. 
With a strong intellect, he will l>e apt to become a kind of 
universal genius, and possess great versatility of talent. 
His mind condenses rapidly, and is impatient of a long and 
tedious account of any thing. With large causality, will 
reason with point and logic, hut fail to connect and carry 
out his ideas in detail — will prefer extemr* raneous Bpeak- 
ing to the labor of writing and committing to memory, ami 
generally l>e ready and oil-hand in all he says and does. 
This combination is frequently met with in lawyers and bu- 
siness men, hut is nut favorable to hard study. A sufficient 
number of studies at the same time, to afford a change and 
relieve the mind, is an advantage to those possessing this 
combination. 
Selfish Propensities: — These are located together in a 

group around the ears, and when large, give a rounded ful- 
- to the sides of the head. They adapt us to a world 
where selfishness abounds, and where every cue must pro- 
vide for his own wants and necessities. Our bodies are so 
organized as to need nourishment and protection, and these 
faculties arc necessary to our animal existence, and prompt 
us to seek our own enjoyment. 

Combination 1. With large moral organs and intellect 
the person may be attentive to his own interests and enjoy- 
ments, and yet disposed to share it with others, and make all 
around him happy. 

Combination 2. When these organs are large, and the 
elevating and moral sentiments moderate, the person will 
be strongly tempted to give way to his animal nature, and 
indulge in low and degrading vices. 

Combination 3. A moderate development of this class 



83 

of organs, with a line temperament, and the moral senti- 
ments large, renders" one too mild and inefficient for the 

active duties and business of life. Such have not selfish- 
ness enough to take care of their own interests, in a com- 
munity where each one is struggling for his own elevation, 
and should have some one to aid and assist them in such a 
state of society. 

6. Combati VENESS : — This is the propensity to oppose, 
defend and attack; and from it flows courage and boldness 
in the defence of our rights and principles. It is an im- 
portant element in giving force and energy to the char- 
acter. 

Combination 1. With large moral sentiments and intel- 
lect, it imparts moral courage, and blended with firmness 
and destructivencss, gives force and energy of character. 
If cautiousness be large, and the physical powers weak, the 
person will possess more moral than animal courage, 
but will not shrink from opposition, and when aroused, 
will defend his rights boldly, and, perhaps, be fond of argu- 
ment and debate. With an excitable temperament, he will 
be easily vexed, and irritated by any thing that crosses his 
path, and sometimes exhibit too much anger. 

Combination 2. Where the moral organs are moderate, 
this propensity is sometimes restrained by cautiousness, but 
otherwise it gives a love of contention, and a quarrelsome 
disposition. The person will frequently provoke difficulties 
and be too ready to resent an injury. 

Combination 3. With this organ onlv average or full, 
and large cautiousness, approbativencss ami self-esteem, 
with the moral sentiments and intellect, the person will 
never seek a difficulty, but if necessary will defend himself 
boldly. If his character is assailed, he will display more 
anger than on ordinary occasions, and be considered re- 
fill. Destruetiveness added to the combination, might ren- 
der him revengeful, and if provoked to anger, or placed in 
a difficult situation, even desperate; but under ordinary cir- 
cumstances, he would he a mild and peaceable citizen. With 



23 

large thinking faculties, firmness, and self-esteem, he would 
be fond of argument, and would contend strongly for his 
(.pinions. 

Combination 4. "With this organ moderately developed, 
and large cautiousness, the person is generally too timid to 
brave danger, and shrinks from difficulty and opposition. 

7. Destrui riVBNEss :— The propensity to destroy is the 
proper function of this organ. .Alan's progress through the 
world is often impeded by obstacles and difficulties. The 
forest must be cut down to prepare a way lor his habita- 
tion: and beasts of prey destroyed to secure his safety. 
Animal food must 1m- provided for his sustenance, and this 
requires the infliction of sudden death to prepare it for his 
nourishment. The organ of destructiveneSS, then, is im- 
planted in our nature for a useful purpose, and does not 
-arily lead to cruelty, murder and crime. 

Combination l. When blended with benevolence and 
conscientiousness, the person s/ill Ik- opposed t<> the inflic- 
tion of unnecessary pain; and if the temperament be ner- 
vous, will have too much sympathy to witness Buffering or 
death; \ et if necessary for the preservation of life, would 
net hesitate to inflict pain to attain that end. This combi- 
nation renders one very indignant at any violation of jus- 
tice or humanity, and gives rise to the feeling, that the 
guilty ought to be punished. When provoked, it gives deep- 
toned anger; and if firmness and intellect are added to the 
combination, the person will possess great force and energy 
of character. 

Combination '2. A large development of this organ with a 
strong temperament, and not a great ascendancy of the moral 
sentiments, renders one severe in punishing the offender; 
and if self-esteem and approbativeness are large, revenge- 
ful in redressing an injury. It gives the desire for satisfac- 
tion, and cannot rest contented without atonement. With 
large adhesiveness, the person will be a warm friend and 
bitter enemy; and if the preceptives are large, will be 
fond of hunting, gaming, and killing ;mimnls. This orgnn 



is ul ways found large in the heads of surgeons, butchers, 
and duellists; though real courage, the function of combat- 
iveness, is frequently as deficient in the latter class of per- 
sons as any other set of men. One with this combination 
will possess a destructive temper, that cannot be appeased 
without destroying or hurting something. 

Combination 3. An average or moderate development of 
this organ, with benevolence, and a nervous temperament, 
renders its possessor mild and humane in his disposition. 
Unless combativeness and firmness are large, he will be too 
harmless and inefficient for the ordinary pursuits of life; 
and with the affections large, will be too effeminate and 
woman-like in his character and disposition, to succeed well 
in any great enterprise. 

8. Alimentiveness : — This organ is the seat of the ap- 
petite, and prompts the intellect to secure that kind of food 
that is most agreeable and nourishing to the body. 

Combination i. With firmness, conscientiousness and in- 
tellect, the person will have a good appetite, and relish his 
food well, but will not indulge in excesses or intemperate 
habits. 

Combination 2. A large development of this organ, with 
a sanguine temperament, and a predominance of the organs 
in the base of the brain, leads to habits of intemperance, 
and the indulgences of appetite. 

Combination 3. One with a moderate degree of this or- 
gan, and a nervous temperament, will be naturally tempe- 
rate in the use of food; and if the intellect be large- will 
frequently neglect his meals to finish what he is reading or 
doing. Intemperate men have been found with this organ 
moderately developed, but having the social organs large, 
and but little self-government, have yielded to the force of 
social habit and custom. Others have become intemperate 
Id drown their sorrows, or to procure excitement, and do nol 
form the habit from the force of appetite. 

9. Acquisitiveness: — 'The propensity to acquire, is the 
proper function of ibis organ It does not, necessarilyy 



4 JJ 

render one penurious or avaricious in his feelings; but 
seeks to acquire property, for the gratilication of the other 
feelings and faculties, or for its own enjoyment. 

Combination 1. With acquisitiveness large, and a well 
balanced head, the person will be economical, and place a 
high value upon property. In business, will be strict and 
close in his dealings, and always ready to make a good bar- 
gain. With good business talents, will be likely to acquire 
property and become wealthy ; but if benevolence and the 
moral sentiments arc large, will appropriate much to religi- 
ous and charitable purpo 

Combination 2. One witli this organ lar«jo. and benevo- 
lence, ideality, approbativeness, and the social organs large, 
will be disposed t<> make apidly, but cannot keep it. 

His social enjoyments; his love of the beautiful ; his gene- 
rositv; and his appear t<> advantage, will make 

such large drafts upon bis acquisitiveness, that it will be ex- 
ceedingly difficult for him to be economical. The same 
combination, with this organ moderately developed, would 
render him a perfect spendthrift. 

Combinatioji 3. A moderate development of this organ, 
renders one disposed to place a low estimate upon the value 
of money. It is to such of small consideration, compared 
with other things; and they require it only to supply their 
wants, and to secure the enjoyments of life. They may be 
either extravagant or economical in its use, according to 
other combinations, as these two qualities do not depend on 
this organ. One with a plain, practical mind, and large 
cautiousness, will be saving and frugal with moderate ac- 
quisitiveness, and often be charged with psnuriousness; 
while another with the organ large, and ideality, approba- 
tiveness, hope and benevolence predominant, will be much 
more extravagant in the use of money. 

10. Sfxretiveness : — This is the propensity to conceal; 
and enables us to suppress the different feelings and emo- 
tions of thp mind till th^ judconpnt approves of living thf»m 
utterance. 
i 



Combination 1. Under the influence of the moral senti- 
ments, this organ renders one discreet and prudent in all 
he says and does. He keeps his plans and business to him- 
self, and makes very few confidants even among his friends. 

Combination 2. If large, with moderate conscientious- 
ness, it leads to evasion and deception. The person cannot 
be relied on, and too often disregards the truth, it makes 
one disposed to hide his feelings and conduct, and throw a 
mystery around every thing he says and does. Individuals 
that are sly, secretive, and cunning, have this combination . 

Combination 3. A moderate development of this organ, 
with large conscientiousness, renders one candid, open- 
hearted, and free in the expression of his feelings. He has 
but few secrets of his own, and cares but little to learn the 
secrets of others. If anything is told him in coniidence, 
and is thus addressed to his moral sense and intellect, he 
keeps it faithfully — not because he is fond of secret things, but 
that it would be a breach of good faith towards his friend. 
It is generally supposed that large secretiveness is necessary 
to keep a secret, but there is no greater mistake made in 
phrenology. One with this organ large, and small consci- 
entiousness, is the last person in the world to place confi- 
dence in. 

Elevating Sentiments: — These organs are located a 
little back and upon the crown of the head. They g 
elevation and importance to the character, and are essential 
to a high-minded, honorable man. 

Combination 1. One with these organs very large, blen- 
ded with moral sentiment and intellect, will take a high 
stand among his fellow men, and render himself conspicu- 
ous in church or state. He makes character a test of merit, 
and esteems his own above every other consideration. With 
the domestic organs large, will display sonic family pride, 
and have a high regard for his ancestors and family name. 

Combination 2. \{' these organs are large with a strong 
intellect and weak moral sentiments, the person will lake 



'2? 

more; interest in politics than religion, and will have high 
aspirations for fame and political distinction. 

Combination 5. A moderate development of this class of 
sentiments, renders one too unassuming, and too indifferent 
to his political rights and privileges. He does not possess 
character enough, and never attains any consideration 
among his fellow men. because he does not desire it. 

11. Cau s: — The sentiment of fear, and the ap- 

prehension of danger, flow from this organ. 

bination 1. One with this organ large, and a well 
balanced head, will exhibit care and prudence m the man- 
agement of his business; and with large causality, will 
weigh consequences well, and estimate the final result of 
his undertakings. With large firmness, combativeness, 
and intellect, he will p< - it fortitude and presence of 

mind, and although sensible of danger, will the more suc- 
cessfully meet and brave it. or take the secures! means of 
protecting himself against it. 

Combination 2. When this organ is very large, and 
firmness, self-esteem, and combativeness weak, it produees 
indecision and instability of mind. The person hesitates, 
and wavers between different motives and opinions, and 
leans too much upon others for advice and assistance. It 
gives great anxiety about consequences, and disposes one to 
look on the dark side of things. With philoprogenitiveness 
or acquisitiveness, the person will be tilled with apprehen- 
sion if his children arc in danger, or his business unsuccess- 
ful, and will be likely to avail himself of every means of 
safety within his power. 

Combination 3. If the temperament is very excitable, 
and self-esteem, firmness and combativeness large, cautious- 
ness will not hold its sway over the mind; and though ever 
so large, the person will frequently be rash and impulsive, 
and involve himself in difficulty — will be sensible of per- 
sonal danger, but, unless causality is very large, will be 
imprudent and rash in many things, and see its folly after- 
wards. With a moderate development of this organ, the 



28 

person will lack caution, prudence and forethought, and 
frequently suffer from its deficiency. 

12. Approbativeness : — The natural function of this 
organ is the love of praise; the desire to be esteemed, and 
the disposition to please; and is an important element in an 
amiable character. It prompts to affability and politeness 
in our attentions to others; and is the great motive to ambi- 
tion, fame, and distinction. 

Combination 1. One having this organ large, with a fine 
temperament, and large conscientiousness, will be extreme- 
ly sensitive to praise and censure ; will be exceedingly 
wounded at any reflection upon his character or honor, and 
regard his good name above every other consideration; 
will be affable and polite in his intercourse with others; 
and under new circumstances and responsibilities, feel a 
great amount of diffidence; but with a strong intellect and 
firmness, will overcome his bashfulness, and appear to be 
self-possessed. If self-esteem be deficient, and cautiousness 
and conscientiousness very large, will be retired, unassu- 
ming, and modest in his deportment, and shrink from re- 
sponsibility and public attention. 

Combination 2. With this organ large, blended with 
large combativeness and self-esteem, the person will be fond 
of praise, but not modest nor unassuming; will make but 
few efforts to obtain it, but enjoy it well when it comes to 
him indirectly. With secrctiveness large, will appear to 
care very little for approbation, but enjoy it well notwith- 
standing; will frequently speak of himself and relate his 
adventures — ask what others say about him, and what, they 
think of him, and yet apparently care nothing for their 
opinion. Such an individual will be too proud to seek praise 
directly, and yet will betray a great desire for the good 
opinion of others. Ideality, self-esteem and approbative- 
ness, all large, frequently display themselves in vanity, 
pride, egotism, and a love of display. 

Combination 3. A moderate development of this organ 
with large self-esteem, renders onn indifferent to prnise or 



39 

censure, and very independent in his feelings. 1 1 « 5 i* 

equally contented whether praised or not, and will move 
on in his own way. without regard to the frowns or smiles 
of any one. 

13. Self-esteem : — Self-respect, independence, and self- 
confidence, flow from this organ. It gives weight, impor- 
tance, and dignity to the character, and imparts an upright 
walk and attitude to the man. It is an important element 
to the character of a great or public man. and makes him 
claim for himself that consideration which his character 
deserves. The 1<>\<- of power and authority . and the difi 
sition to rule, flow from the exercise of this orga 1. 

Combination l. With lame firmness and combative 
it renders one wilful and tenacious of his own opinions. 
Such individuals have strong prejudices and prepossessions, 
strong likes ami dislikes; and are apt to feel that they are 
right, and require the submission of others to their authority. 
This combination disposes one to be arroganl and overbear- 
ing in his ways and opinions, and inclined to dictate and 
assume the lead. It imparts confidence and self-importance 
to the character, and does not regard the feelings of others 
sufficiently. 

Combination 2. When the organ is full or large, with 
approbativeness, moral sentiment and intellect, the person 
will evince a becoming degree of self-respect and indepen- 
dence of character; will esteem his own opinions and rights 
highly, but express himself in such a manner as not to 
wound the pride of others; will be high minded, honorable 
and proud, and look upon meanness and littleness with 
great contempt. 

Combination 3. When this organ is moderately devel- 
oped, with large approbativeness, and the social organs, the 
person will be undignified, and with large mirthfulness, 
given to trifling and playfulness; will assume dignity and 
self-respect among equals, and superiors, or among stran- 
gers, but it will be unnatural; and the person will long to 
throw off restraint, and feel at his ease. 



30 

14. Firmness: — Decision, {stability, will, and firmness 
of purpose, are the natural manifestations of this organ. 
It imparts fortitude, resolution, and determination to the 
character, and is essential to the success of those who en- 
gage in great and arduous enterprises. 

Combination 1. Those in whom this organ predominates. 
with large self-esteem, and destructiveness. are remarkable 
for force and energy of character. They are generally 
wilful and unbending in their purposes; and if veneration 
be moderate, cannot submit to others, or be led. Such men 
must be their own masters; and find it exceedingly difficult 
to yield, or act a subordinate part. This combination leads 
to obstinacy, and great tenacity of will and purpose; but 
with large conscientiousness, they can always be relied on 
in any emergency, and generally fulfil their obligations. 

Combination 2. One with this organ full or large, and 
•conscientiousness large, will not make up his mind, and 
form his purposes so rapidly, but will take time to consider 
the matter well. Having formed his judgment, however, 
he will be firm and unyielding in his opinion and purposes. 
Combination 3. A moderate development of this or- 
gan, with small concentrativeness, renders one fickle and 
changeable in his purposes, and unfit for any situation or 
duty, requiring firmness, perseverance, and decision of 
character. 

Moral Sentiments : — These organs are located in the 
upper or coronal region of the brain, and render us moral 
and religious beings. They adapt us to the moral law--, 
and upon this adaptation rests our accountability. 

Combination 1. When these organs are large, with n 
good intellect, we have an upright, moral, and intellectual 
man. Under the influence of revealed religion, he will he 
:i consistent and upright christian, and command the esteem 
and respect of those who know him. If veneration be defi- 
'•iciit. he may pay loss attention to the forms and ceremo- 
nies of the church, and place religion in virlue and natural 
morality; but will sustain a good character, for honestj 



and integrity, among his fellow men. This combination., 
with small marvellousness. is found even among inlidels; 
and there are man\ moral, upright men, who do not ern- 
braee revealed religion, from their want of faith and von-j 
ration. 

Combination 2. Where thai is are on; 

or full, with strong propensities, there is a wavering some- 
times, between vice and virtue. With large cautiousness, 
such men become 

or from some other motive. They find it difficult to resist 
temptation, and with largo acquisitiveness, notwithstanding 
their religion, will take the advantage m business, and be 
guilty of man) little improprieties, not considered actually 
immoral. 

Combination .>. A moderate ffgens, 

with la 11 

restrained by pride and app 
depraved and immoral chare 

15. Conscish : — Our sense of justice and con- 

scientious f long to i. 

It gives the desire to do right, because i ; . is right, and not 
from the expectation of reward. It is the sense of right 
and wrong, and may be perverted or enlightened by intel- 
lect, according to our education. 

Combination 1. One with this organ large, and a well 
balanced head, will possess a high regard for truth, honesty 
and justice. If firmness be large, will be immoveable in 
all matters involving his .-ense of justice, and though it 
may be unpopular, will advocate his principles as long as 
he believes them to be true. With large benevolence, he 
will be a philanthropist, and advocate the rights of mau- 
kind. 

Combination 2. One having this organ large, with strong 
propensities, and weak veneration, will yield to tempta- 
tion at times, and be exceedingly penitent lor it afterwards; 
will have his besetting sins, but have more conscientious • 
ness, and more penitence, ihan people arc aware of. 



33 

Combination 3. A moderate development of this organ - , 
with large self-esteem, renders one disposed to justify him- 
self, and unwilling to acknowledge his errors. He seldom 
feels any compunctions of conscience, and with secretive- 
ness, will often evade or conceal the truth. 

16. Hope: — Expectations of future happiness, and the 
anticipation of realizing our hopes and prospects, flow from 
this organ. It prompts us to look on the bright side of 
the picture, and draw an image of the future that is pleas- 
ing to the mind. 

Combination 1. One with this organ large, blended with 
approbativeness, ideality, and the affections, will have many 
day dreams of love and fancy,- will be fond of reverie, and 
enjoy the pleasures of hope in an eminent degree. He will 
almost live in the future; and form many plans and under- 
takings. With large reflective organs, will be visionary, 
and if his adhesiveness is very large, will confide to his 
friends many schemes and projects that he intends to carry 
into effect, but before the time arrives, is prevented by 
some other prospect. Thus he will be allured on from one 
object to another, till finally he rests upon something sub- 
stantial, and learns from experience to become more prac- 
tical. With large cautiousness and a fine temperament, he 
will frequently be very much elevated, and again depress- 
ed; will have his extremes of feeling, and with large firm- 
ness and self-esteem, will rise above every disappointment, 
and hope on still. This combination renders one ambitious, 
and encourages the highest aspirations for fame and dis- 
tinction. 

Combination 2. Large hope, with only full ideality, 
and the perceptive organs large, would render one reason- 
able in his expectations, and dispose him to base his hopes 
upon something practical and substantial. With large 
mirthfuliK'ss ami a sanguine temperament, would posses 
cheerful disposition, and look upon the world as it is, with 
out exaggeration. 

Combination 3. \ moderate development o$ the organ, 



with large cautiousness, renders one desponding and mel- 
ancholy. He looks too much on the dark side of every 
thing; magnifies evil, and is too easily discouraged. 

17. MArvbllousness: — The love of the new and won- 
derful is the natural 1*1111. -tit. 11 of this organ; and Mr. 
Combe calls it the organ of Wonder. It gives us a love of 
fiction ; and leads to faith in the supernatural and extraordi- 
nary . 

Combination 1. One with this organ large, and a strong 
intellect, will take pleasure in investigating marvellous sub- 
jects, and will find his feelings inclining him to believe, and 
his intellect checking his faith for want of proof. Il 
secrctivenes--. and the perceptive organs are moderate, he 
will be credulous in receiving the statements of men, ami be 
often deceived. 

Combination 1. Tin- organ is generally -mall in the 
American head, and with the reasoning organs large, leads 
to skepticism and inercdulit \ . This combination will dis- 
pose one to reject ever) new and marvellous doctrine; and 
to believe no further than facts and argument.- can establish. 

18. VENERATION: — The feeling of reverence and adora- 
tion flows from thi of this organ. It gives the ten- 
dency to reverence whatever is old or ancient, and treats 
with great respect established forms and customs. There 
are many objects in Nature that inspire the feeling) as well 
as works of art. \n old temple or cathedral, or the ruins 
of an ancient city — a grave yard, or an old battle ground, 
all bring op associations that awaken our reverence. It 
gives respect for old age, and attaches one t<> the forms and 
ceremonies of his religion. Its direction depends on the 
other faculties and an enlightened intellect. It may lead to 
ihe worship of idols, and heathen images, or of the true 
God; or it may how in reverence to men. and yield sub 
mission to their authority. This organ is nol large m the 
American head, and hence their republicanism and want of 
respect for great names. 

Combination 1. One with this organ large will | 



the feeling of reverence in a high degree. It dues not de- 
termine whether he is a christian or not, but gives him re- 
spect for the great and good. With large conscientiousness) 

marvellousncss, and hope, lie will be disposed to embrace 
some system of religion, and be a consistent member of the 
church. 

Combination 2. A person with this organ large, and a 
great deficiency of marvellousncss, will possess feelings of 
reverence, but be so deficient in faith as to render it diffi- 
cult for him to give it a religious direction, lie will be 
disposed to pay little attention to creeds and ceremonies; 
though he will not lack veneration for whatever is good 
and holy. If conscientiousness be moderate, he may be 
irreligious, and with large destructiveness, even profane. 

Combination 3. An average or moderate development of 
this organ, with large reasoning faculties, self-esteem and 
firmness, renders one republican in his feelings. He will 
be no respecter of persons, and receive no opinions upon 
the authority of great names; will claim the right to think 
for himself, in religion, as well as politics; and with large 
conscientiousness, though he may be a christian, he will 
disregard religious creeds, forms and ceremonies. If be- 
nevolence be added to the combination, he will think reli- 
gion to consist more in the practice of virtue and bene 
lence, than in attendance on the church and its ceremonies. 
If the organ be small with deficient conscientiousness and 
large destructiveness and combativeness. the person will be 
profane, wicked and irreligious. 

19. Benevolence: — This organ is the seat of the kind 
and benevolent feelings. It prompts us to the exercise of 
charity and kindness towards our fellow beings; and gives 
us compassion for their frailties and afflictions. It is the 
source of generosity and good will, and gives the desire t<> 
make others happy. 

Combination 1. One with benevolence and the atii/clious 
large, will seek to make ihose he loves happy, and will dis- 
play the feeling in little attentions and acts pf kindness. If 



85 

acquisitiveness be large, he may not waste hi* money upon 
them, unless prompted by large approbativeness and ideali- 
ty.- but will do many things to oblige and render them 
happy. 

Combination 2. With this organ large, and a predomi- 
nance of approbativeness, adhesiveness, and ideality, the 
person will be generous to an extreme and sacrifice his 
OWTJ interests and feelings, to please and make others hap- 
py. He will be lavish and extravagant in his kindness, and 
will find it difficult to refuse a favor; will seldom deny Ins 
family any reasonable enjoyment, and will find this organ 
a great disadvantage to Ids interests and busin< 

Combination 3. One with this organ only full, average, 
OT moderate, and the selfish organs large, will display but 
1 It tit- active benevolence; will confine his charity and kind- 
ness to a narrow sphere, and Seldom allow it to extend be- 
v ond his own family or friends ; will be penurious in nNurj 
things, and will only be saved by his pride, from doing 
many mean and little things. 

Skmi-Intellbctual Facitltibs: — These organs are loca- 
ted above the temples, and around the lateral and upper 
portions of the forehead. They border on the region of 
the intellectual faculties, and come in between them and the 
feelings and sentiments. Hence they partake partly of the 

nature of both classes of Organs, and are called the somi- 

intellectual faculties or sentiments. 'They seem to impart 
a high degree of excellence to the produetions of the 
other faculties and aim at improvement in the arts and 
manufactures. r l no combinations of these organs Mill fall 
under the analysis of each particular organ, and henre is 
•omitted in this place. 

'20. C0NSTRUCTIVENES8: — The power of const ruction. 
and the love of the mechanical arts, is the proper function 
of this organ. It requires other organ' in combination to 
make the practical mechanic 

Combination 1. With large perceptive organs and imi- 
tation, it imparts a great fondness for merhnnicnl pursuits, 



36 

and a talent tor inventing, building, and making improve 
ments in machinery. 

Combination 2. When large, but without imitation and 
perceptive intellect, the person will have a good idea of 
mechanical operations; will be able to suggest improve- 
ments, and show how he wants a thing made; but will fail 
in the mechanical execution himself, without great practice. 
Where this combination exists, the mind is frequently 
directed in some other channel, and the person will be un- 
conscious of possessing the faculty. It displays itself in u 
fair legible hand writing; and in the female head, with imi- 
tation, gives female ingenuity. 

Combination 3, An average or moderate development is 
sometimes found in practical mechanics; but it will be as- 
certained that they have large imitation, size and form, and 
work from imitation rather than constructive power. Very 
skilful men sometimes have this combination; but if imita- 
tion, size, and form arc moderate, the person will be awk- 
ward and unskilful in the use of tools; will be slow in 
learning to do any thing, and lack mechanical ingenuity. 

21. Ideality: — From this organ proceeds our sense of 
the beautiful. Like all other faculties, it bears an intimate 
relation to the surrounding world, and is delighted with 
those objects that inspire its activity. The beauties of na- 
ture are all addressed to this faculty. The trees, the fields, 
the leaves ancl flowers; the murmuring streams with their 
s\yeet music, and the carol of birds, all give to this senti 
mer\t its highest inspiration. It dwells with rapture on 
the starry heavens, and the dewy night; the moonlight 
scene, or the shades of evening; and in its boundless rang- 
embraces rivers and lakes, mountains and valleys, and Links 
with them all, ideal images of the beautiful and perfect. 
Tins organ is the fruitful source of romance and poetry, 
and makes us delight in the pleasures of the imagination. 
It prompts many a day dream of love and fancy, and soar- 
above and beyond the regions of reality. 

The |oya of improvement proceeds from this farult) 



87 

It seems in barmen) with the sentiment, thai man is s pro 

gressive being; and as the arts and sciences advance t. 
wards perfection, the organ becomes more and more active. 
It is the source of refinement, and is found larger in tin- 
more elevated states of society, than among the nide and 
uncultivated nations of the earth. It has been found nrii- 
formly large in distinguished poets, painters and am 
An infidel writer has made an amusing remark on the defi 
eieocy of this faculty in the religion of the Friends, in their 

plainness of dress and manners, and their strict adheren. < 
to utility in every t i i i 1 1 1: . ( >f course he does DO< mean that 
there are no exceptions in the character of that people; 
hut he says: — 

u I have always admired tin religion of the quakers, tol- 
as simplicity : but have often smiled at the conceit, that if 
a quaker had been consulted at the creation, what a silent 
and drah colored creation it would have been. Nut a 
rose would ha\e blossomed, nor a bird have been peT 
mitted to sing." 

Combination 1. One with this organ large, and a fine 

temperament, will he refined in Ins manners and feelings; 
wall be displeased with anything low or grovelling, and 
aim at perfection ami improvement in every thing. If lan- 
guage and the perceptive organs are moderate, will not be 
able to write poetry, hut will enjoy it much, and be fond of 

eloquence, literature, and the fine arts. If individuality, 
eventuality, comparison, and language, are large, ami self- 
esteem, approbativeness, and hope. full, he will then aspire 
to excellence in speaking "mu\ writing, and with strong a!' 
feet ions, will be very likely to attempt poetry; and if his 
mind is well disciplined and educated, can make himself a 
poet or an orator. If the intellectual organs are only 
average or full, his large ideality will lead to sickly » 
mentalism: and with approhath love of dress and 

display. 

Combination %. Large ideality, with a coarse tempera- 
pjeat, will not display this refined and active manifestation 



38 

of the faculty. A fine quality of brain, which is imparted 
only by a fine temperament, is necessary to the highest e.\- 
ereiseof the organ; and hence those who are deficient in 
this quality, though ideality may be large, will not evince 
much fancy nor imagination. In their own sphere of life. 
however, they will pay much attention to good taste, and 
will have an internal sense of the beautiful and perfect. 
With large perceptive organs, will be men of plain, practi- 
cal understandings, and not fond of display. 

Comhinatioi; 3. An average or full development of this 
organ, with a fine temperament, and the elevating senti- 
ments large, will impart a high degree of refinement and 
delicacy of feeling. With large individuality, eventuality- 
■comparison, and language, the person will manifest much 
taste for poetry and literature, but will fail in producing 
Jasting works of the imagination. The taste and fancy in 
such cases, is rather acquired than original. 

Combination 4. An average or moderate organ of ideal- 
ity, with a coarse temperament, will render one coarse and 
vulgar in his associations. His language will be common- 
place and unrefined; and his manners exceedingly rough 
and uncultivated. 

B. Sublimity: — This organ is located iiotween cautious 
n'ess and ideality, and seems to blend the functions of both 
these organs in one. producing the sentiment of sublimity. 
Those objects in nature, that mingle the awful with the 
beautiful, are addressed to this faculty; and this seems to 
lie the best definition of the sublime. The towering cliff 
and mountain scene, the roaring cataract, and the distant 
thunder, all inspire the activity of this organ. One with 
i! large, would dwell with rapture upon a storm at sea; and 
amidst all its fury; surrounded by the angry billows, and the 
surges of the mighty deep, Would feel the inspirations of 
lids sentiment. The combinations of this <>»-cyrm are the 
- .-line as those of ide ility. 

I The power i imitation is the proper 

function of this organ. \\ takes its direction from the 
other faculties 



39 

Combination I. With mirth fulness, individuality, eveut 
ualiiy, and Language, it gives a talenl fur mimicry and dra- 
tnatio representations. 

Combination 2. With ideality, form, siie, locality, color 
and constructiveness, it gives a talent for painting, drawing, 
and pencilling, and is aeeesaar} to the artist and limner. 

Combination ;>. It may be large* and yet from the deli 
cieacy of language, descriptive power, and the other com- 
binations, the person will have no talent for mimierx if 
painting. With constructiveness, such an individual would 
displaj it in the mechanicd arts. 

Combination 4, With a amoderate or Bmall developmenl 
of this organ, and those organs thai act in ition with 

nail, the pereon will ho incapable of any effort at imi- 
tation. 

MiKTin ii.m ->: — i of mirth proceeds from 

this organ. It gives a tine perception of the Ludicrous, and 
produces humor and wit. Its direction depends on thi 
other organ*. 

Combination 1. With imitation and Language, the p 
will make a great amounl of fun, and sec every thing in a 
Ludicrous light; will he fond of humor, and with ben 
lence and the social organs Large, bea good oatured, jovial 
man. 

■ i not ma J. With !ar. and self 

in, ihe person will he sarcastic, and bitter in his 
inpts at w it. It* causality In- large, and individuality and 
eventuality m< be will not Laugh much, nor excite it 

in others, but will perceive the point of a witticism battel 
than many who Laugh at it nmre heartily, but do not know 
what they are Laughing at. When main of the faculties 
are agreeably affected, it produces Laughter, nn>\ hence it is 
no evidence of wit. Man) gan large, 

are serious and -'.kite. 

Combination .'>. h may !•< moderately developed, and 
\ei the person having Language, imitation, and the percep 
live faculties large, with an excitable temperament, will 



10 

laugh heartily and produce mirth, but will b(; deficient u» 
pure and genuine wit. If small, with large causality and 
the perceptive organs moderate, the person will be serious 
and sedate; will seldom sec the point of a witticism, and be 
given to mirth only in a moderate degree. 

Intellectual Faculties: — The organs of these faculties 
occupy the region of the forehead, and constitute us intelli- 
gent beings. They are divided into two classes, perceptive 
and reflective; and the character of the intellect depends 
upon the predominance of one or the other of these classes, 
and the temperament. Their size is not judged of so much 
by the expansion of the forehead, as by the depth and 
prominence of the particular intellectual organs. The 
forehead is often obscured by hair, and sometimes appears 
larger than it is, from baldness. These things should be 
considered in estimating the size of the front head. 

Combination 1. When these organs arc large, with a 
large brain and a nervous bilious temperament, or a san- 
guine nervous temperament, the person will display high 
intellectual qualities, and attain excellence in any branch of 
human knowledge. If these organs are very large, he will 
become pre-eminent as a scholar, and a man of intellectual 
power. 

Combination 2. The intellectual organs may be large, 
but if the temperament is sanguine or bilious, without 
much of the nervous; or if the mind is devoted to business 
instead of books, the person will be a sensible man, and 
learn much from observation and experience: but will not 
excel as a scholar, nor shine in the literary walks of life. 

Combination 3. When the intellectual organs are full, and 
the temperament very active, the person will display a high 
degree of intelligence and frequently be talented, hut will 
not possess depth and power of mind. 

Combination 4. With these organs full,anda sluggish 

temperament, the person will he slow in his mental opera 

tions, and make bul little progress in human knowledge. It 
ihey are onlj moderate oi small, he will he imbecile oi 
idiotic 



1) 

Pbrcettive Faculties:— The organs of these faculties 
sure located about the eyes and lower parts of the forehead 
Oh them we depend for our knowledge of external objects. 
They determine the qualities and conditions of matter, as 
well U record the observation "f passing events. Hence 
they are necessar) to the scholar and man of general infor- 
mation: and a lull development, at least, is indispensable 
tor success in any intellectual pursuit. Tliey collect the 
materials from which we manufacture thought; and though 
a man ma\ have the reflective organs large, without thi 

he will have nothing to think about. 

Cotuf/iiui/ioii 1. With a tine temperament, they render 
one a close observe! of men and things; and a person with 
ihese organs large, will possess ■ great amount of general 
information. He will exhibit a clear and accurate know- 
ledge of things, and display a scientific mind. Large re- 
nectives added to the combination, would give him a high 
order of mind, and a philosophical understanding. 

Combination 2. With a !<•-<> intellectual temperament, 
.md small eoncentrativeness, the individual will manifest 
these organs more in business, and general observation, 
than in books; will possess much acquired information, but 
u will be more general than accurate and scientific. Il< 
will understand the value of property; and have a bettei 

memor\ of what be sees than what he reads With -mall 

ideality, w ill have a plain matter of fad mind, and make 
hut little display of his intellectual powers. 

bination I If th areonlj average oj lull, 

person will not excel in a knowledge of details and 
minutiae, and will be likely to have a poor memory of da 
names, and particular events. With large reflective land 
ms, however, the person will possess a philosophical mind, 
and reason correct)) from the tacts within his knowledge. 
By hard studj and close application, he will frequentlj 
i ol thow with 'the 

labor he has performed. 9u binatton is mon favor- 

iblc to writing than extemporaneous speaking; and unices 
<i 



i'2 

language is very large, the person will find it difficult to 
arrange his thoughts rapidly for delivery. Great prac- 
tice, however, would overcome this difficulty. 

A small development of these organs would render one 
unobserving and inattentive to any thing passing around 
him, and make it exceedingly difficult for him to learn from 
books rapidly, or acquire any kind of extensive or accu- 
rate information. In the analysis of many of the percep- 
tive organs, the combinations will be omitted, as unnecessa- 
ry to an understanding of the character. 

24. Individuality: — The power of observation, and the 
memory of individual objects, depend on this faculty. A 
man, a house, or a tree, are all objects of this organ ; but it 
does not determine the form, size, color, or any of the 
particular qualities of things. The knowledge of these 
conditions depends on the organs following this, and are lo- 
cated along the arch of the eyebrow, upon each side of 
this telescope of the mind. 

When large, it gives a great desire to see and examine 
minutely those objects that come under our observation. 
When deficient, with large reflective organs, the person is 
absent minded, and given to reverie and abstraction. 

25. Form: — Form, shape, and configuration, are objects 
of this faculty. It enables us to remember faces, and per- 
sons, from the form of their features and the general con- 
tour of their bodies. 

26. Size: — Dimension and proportion, are objects of 
this faculty. It gives a correct eye, and enables us to 
judge of distance, perspective and perpendicularity. It is 
large in builders, mechanics and marksmen. 

27. WEIGHT: — The law of gravitation, and the momen- 
tum and weight of bodies, arc objects of this faculty. It 
enables us to balance ourselves well, and walk in high 

and difficult positions. It is large in circus rulers, tight rope 
dancers, sailors, ami marksmen. When deficient, the per- 
son becomes diy/y in a high place, and often stumbles and 

Jails. 



13 

28. Color: — The various colors of objects, and their 
delicate tints and shades, are objects of this faculty. It is 
large in the painter, and enables him to compare and ar- 
range his colors with taste and skill. When deficient, the 
person can only judge of the plain and ordinary colors. 
and seldom notices the color of his friends dresses, hair. 
or eyes. 

29. Order: — System and arrangement belong to the 
rcise of this faculty. With ideality, it renders one par- 
ticular and fastidious; and with combativeness, easily an- 
noyed by disorder and confusion. One with it large, and 
a well balanced mind, with a line temperament, will keep 
his papers and business well arranged; and in a lady, it 
will render her neat and tidy in her dress and domestic 

arrangements. 

30. Number: — The relation of numbers arc embraced 
by this organ. It gives a talent for arithmetic, and the 
power of computing figures. With huge size, weight, 
locality, and causality, it constitutes the mathematician, and 
is found large in that class of men. 

31. Locality: — The memory of places, and the posi- 
tion of objects, depends on this organ. It embraces the 
points of the compass, and the location of countries; and 
gives ;i talent for geography. It is found large in the 
heads of celebrated travelers; and any one in traveling 
our western rivers, will see its prominence on the fore- 
heads of the pilots and boatmen of the Ohio and Mississip- 
pi, in whom it has become developed by continual exercise. 
It gives a love of traveling; and those who have it large, 
have a vivid recollection of the roads, towns, cities, villa- 
ges, rivers and mountains they pass on their journey. 

32. Eventuality : — The memory of passing events and 
occurrences, depends on this organ. With individuality 
and language large, it gives a talent for narration and de- 
scription; and enables one to excel in the study of history. 
On this organ depends the most useful kind of memory we 
require, though there are as many different kinds of memo- 



44 

i> u there ace intellectual organs. There is no special 
organ for memory, embracing ever> thing, but each laeulu 
remembers for itself. This organ, then, remembers events 
and passing occurrences; time remembers dates: and locali- 
ty remembers places. Tunc remembers music; language re- 
members words; and causality remembers ideas and prin- 
ciples. 

With eventuality small, the person will fail in telling an 
anecdote or story, and cannot give the particulars of 
any occurrence; will have a poor memory of details, and 
be obliged to depend on notes or memoranda for t\w« 
things. 

33. Time: — This organ, as already mentioned, gives the 
memory of dates, and takes cognizance of the lapse of 
time. It is necessary to the musician in the execution of 
harmony and melody, and keeps the beat in music. 

34. Tune: — The conception of harmony and mclod\ 
depends on this faculty; but alone it does not give the 
power of executing music. Combined with large ideality, 
imitation, perceptive powers, and a fine temperament, it 
produces the highest order of music; but there are main 
who play and sing well, without having the organ large. 
from the combination of organs necessary in perform- 
ing; and hence this organ will be frequently left unmark- 
ed; or, from the difficulty of ascertaining its size, will have 
a note of interrogation placed opposite. 

35. Language: — The power of using verbal language. 
of expressing our ideas in words, or arbitrary signs, de 
pends on this organ. 

Combination 1. It may be large and the person disin 
clined to talk much, from diffidence, or a secretive rese. 
or from a want of social feeling. Others again, with small 
language, talk much, because they have the social feelings, 
and the disposition to talk. One's conversational p0W( 
therefore, depend on other organs OS well as language. A 
person with large self-esteem, loves to talk to be heard; 
another from the activity of his intellect, and social f 



45 

logs, is fond of conversation. Hut it is simply the powei 
of verbal communication that depends on thia organ. It 
renders the language used, copious and abundant in words. 
and it flows with ease and fluency. Moulin and compari 
BOM) added to the combination, render it beautiful and flow 
cry; and the person will express himself in a chaste and 
eloquent style. 

Combination 2. One with language large, and a coarse, 
hard working temperament, with moderate ideality and 
larirc perceptive organs, will use; plain and COmmon-ptao 

words, and express himself in a blunt, straight- forward 
manner. His language will not l>e refined, hut an abun 

dance of it, such as it is. 

Combination 3. When moderate <>r small, the person 
will hesitate for words, and be at a great less te express 
himself. With large intellectual organs, and ideality, will 
write well, and may become a good critical linguist, a line 
scholar, and a man of scientific acquirements; but will fail 
as an extemporaneous speaker, and cannot ezeel as an era 
tor without great lal^or. 

Rf.flfxtive Faculties: — These organs are Located in tin 

upper region of the forehead, and when very large render 
it prominent and projecting. The power of argument and 
logical induction depends on these faculties. They render 
the person thoughtful and rellective: fond oi % meditation, 
and of a philosophical turn of mind. 

Combination 1. With these organs large, full perceptive 
powers, and a well balanced head, the person will display 
good sense and judgment in every thing he says and docs; 
will reason well, and make high attainments as a scholar oi 
a business man. If these organs are very large, he will 
be profound in his thoughts, and reason with a fore'.- and 
clearness that will seem to unravel every mysterj IJi^ 
views will be original, and his mind adapted to explore tlu 
paths of science, law, government, or morals. 

Combination 2. One having large reflective organs, and 
small perceptive faculties, will reason well from general 



46 

principles, bul i'ail in carrying out and remembering details. 
Jf his temperament be inactive, or deficient in nervous 
structure, he will be slow and dull in his mental operations, 
and be reputed a man of less intelligence than he really is. 

Combination 3. One with moderate reflective organs, 
large perceptives and an active temperament, will be ready 
and quick in communicating his knowledge, and will seem 
to know more than he really does. With self-esteem large, 
will assume to know much, but will frequently exhibit a 
want of reflection and thought; will be moved by his im- 
pulses and passions more than his reason, and will talk 
more about what he has seen and heard than what he 
thinks. Such individuals are knowing men, and frequently 
pass for men of talent, but are really deficient in depth of 
thought and soundness of understanding. 

36. Causality: — Upon this organ depends our ideas of 
rciuse and effect. It reasons by logical induction and neces- 
sary inference, and brings the mind to conclusions that it 
cannot resist. When a certain state of facts is presented 
to the mind, it intuitively and irres\stably forms certain 
conclusions. This process belongs to the exercise of cau- 
sality. It seeks the why and wherefore of every thing, 
and imparts a profound, cause discovering mind. 

Combination 1. One with it very large, reasons from 
first principles, and investigates every subject that comes 
before him. He will not be contented with a superficial 
view of any thing, and must have a complete and full un- 
derstanding of the matter before he can rest satisfied. It is 
the thinking faculty, and disposes a person to theorize and 
explain every thing that he meets with. With large moral 
organs, it gives a love of metaphysics, and moral and men- 
tal philosophy. It takes its direction sometimes in the 
study of government, and is large in all deep and profound 
reasoners. It is very large in the heads of Daniel Webster, 
John C. Calhoun, and others. 

Combination 2. When full or average, the person will 
often think rapidly, but will not embrace a wide field o\' 



17 

thought; and if the perceptive organs arc large will possess 
a ready business talent, and an intelligent mind; will be su- 
perficial in his knowledge of many things, hut pass for a 
man of talent. 

Combination 3. It' only lull, and the peroeptivea average, 
with a temperament cot very active, the person will displaj 
hut moderate talents, and should select some useful sphere 

in life for the exercise of his faculties. With causality 

only moderately developed, w ill possess a weak mind, and a 
narrow understanding. 

37. Comparison: — The power of tracing analogies, and 
reasoning bj comparison, belongs to the exercise of this 
organ. It discovers differences and resemblances; gives a 
critical talent, and the [tower nf analysis, ami comparison. 

Combination 1. One with the organ large, and individu 
ality and eventuality full, with large ideality, will possessa 

literary mind, and excel in the Stud) of the languages, and 

history; will delight in beautiful comparisons, allegories, 

and figures of speech, and use many hyperbolical expivs- 
b; will convince by beautiful and striking illustrations, 
and if individuality he very large, Will relate many an ap 
propriate anecdote in point. 

Combination 2. Large comparison, with modi-rate indi- 
viduality and eventuality, will render one clear and eon 
vincing in his mode of argument, hut he will not bav< 
large a stock of materials in the Storehouse of his mind, as 
those with large individuality and eventuality; and hence 
will not be as ready in bringing up illustrations and c.i 
in point; hut will see when they are in point; and posst 
close discriminating mind. 

Combination 3. With comparison moderate or only full. 
and causality large, the person will think clearly himself, 
hut will he unable so to arrang< and classify his thoughts 
as to present them in a convincing light to others; will fire 
quently fail to perceive the force of an analogy, and seldom 
make use of many comparisons. 



48 



CONCLUSION. 

The various organs and their functions, as they have 
been analysed in this work, have been spoken of in the sin- 
gular number, for the sake of convenience; but they all ex 
ist in pairs in opposite hemispheres of the brain. Thos^ 
upon the middle line of the head touch each other, and pre- 
sent but one development on the external plate of the skull ; 
but they are divided in the brain by a fold of the membranes, 
lhat drops down along the mesial line of the head, and sep 
crates the hemispheres from each other. It sometimes hap- 
pens that one of the organs on one side of the head becomes 
impaired by injury or disease, and the one on the opposite 
side of the brain, which is not affected by the injury, con- 
tinues to manifest the faculty as before; in the same man- 
ner that one eye performs the office of vision when the 
other is destroyed. This simple fact refutes many objec 
tions that are made to phrenology, by such medical writers 
as Dr. Scwall, and others, respecting injuries of the brain. 
Phrenology has only to be understood, and it refutes all ob- 
jections itself. Will these anti-phrenologists explain their 
own facts upon their own hypothesis that the brain is a 
single organ; and that yet large portions of it have been 
lost without impairing the mind? No well established fact 
has yet been produced where both organs of a faculty have 
been destroyed without impairing the function; but phre- 
nologists have collected thousands, where injuries have 
affected the mind by deranging a double organ. 

The utility of phrenology would be a fruitful theme, if 
-.in- little work would admit of a discussion of that subject; 
but the Space allotted t<> the analysis of the organs has al 
ready been extended, and we must content ourselves with 
referring t<> £he works of Mr. Combe, ou physical ami men« 
ial education; ami to the Asylums in tin- East, where phre 
uology has been applied o successfully to the cure of the 
insane. Ii is proved thai insanitj is the result of a di 
ed braiu ry to produce b health} condi 



49 

lu_.ii of that organ before the mind can ho restored. It has 
too long been considered a disease of the mind; and reme- 
dies, that are only mental, relied on for its cure. If a 
musical instrument were out of tune, and its strings broken, 
we should think strange to see the musician altering the 
music, expecting the instrument to be repaired itself. But 
this is the way medical science has hitherto treated insani- 
ty. It will be found that when the organs of the mind are 
restored to a healthy condition, the person will be cured, 
and not till then. 

Those who make the objection that phrenology leads to 
fatalism, should consider, that men have the propensities 
and passions which this system ascril>es to them, whether it 
be true or not. Phrenology ought not, then-fore, to be made: 
responsible for what exists independent of it. That men 
■will indulge in crime, in falsehood,;' ind pride, ap- 

peals too forcibly to our observation to be denied. Our 
state prisons and penitentiaries atlbrd many lamentable 
proofs of incorrigible criminals; and will the objector ex- 
plain these facts himself? He may say that they had the 
power to resist temptation; but will he not admit that in 
them the tendency to crime predominates, inasmuch as their 
conduct affords conclusive evidence of the fact? Phrenology 
only shows, then, that they have acted in conformity with 
their organization ; and if it showed any thing else, it would 
not be in harmony with our experience and observation; 
and would prove itself untrue. But while it shows this, it 
establishes still more clearly, that this organization can be 
modified and improved, by a proper system of education 
and mental culture. In the same manner that we can 
strengthen our muscles by exercise, or weaken them by 
neglect, so the organs of the brain, and the faculties of the 
mind, can be improved or neglected by the same process of 
exercise and cultivation. The fact then, that some men are 
vicious and depraved in their feelings, and others virtuous 
and upright, leads to fatalism as much as any thing taught 
in phrenology, and if our explanation is not satisfactory to 
7 



50 

the objector, we ask him, then, to answer the objection 
himself. 

One of the objects of this little book, is to excite men to 
a more intimate study of themselves, that they may correct 
the defects of their organization in some measure, by re- 
straining their excesses and cultivating their deficiencies. 
There is no principle better established in phrenology, than 
that the organs are susceptible of growth and cultivation, 
by the habitual and proper exercise of the mind. The mor- 
al sentiments and intellect are given us for the regulation 
and government of our animal nature; and if we neglect 
the cultivation of our higher powers, we are sensible of the 
wrong we do ourselves, and accountable to the great laws of 
Nature, from whose penalties we cannot escape. 

Hoping these pages may prove useful in promoting men- 
tal science, and a knowledge of human nature, the author 
here closes his labors in this department of knowledge. 



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